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Writer's pictureEdward D. Andrews
Jul 258 min read

Does the Bible Provide Guidance Regarding Human Cloning?

Introduction to Human Cloning and Biblical Guidance


Human cloning, a topic of significant ethical, moral, and theological debate, raises numerous questions about human identity, the sanctity of life, and the extent of human intervention in natural processes. As Christians seeking to understand these issues, it is imperative to turn to the Bible for guidance. Although the Bible does not explicitly mention cloning, it provides foundational principles that help us navigate this complex subject.



The Quest for a Perfect Society


The desire to create a better world—one free from pain, sickness, and disability—is a longstanding human aspiration. The Greek philosopher Plato suggested selective breeding to improve humanity, a concept that evolved into the eugenics movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Sir Francis Galton, influenced by Charles Darwin's theories, coined the term "eugenics" and promoted the idea of improving the human race through selective breeding. These ideas gained traction among politicians, scientists, and academics, leading to forced sterilizations and, in the extreme, the atrocities committed by Nazi Germany under the guise of eugenics.


Eugenics and Genetic Engineering


The history of eugenics highlights the dangers of attempting to control human reproduction and improve humanity through selective breeding. Today, advancements in genetic engineering and biotechnology have reignited discussions about shaping human genetics. While modern genetic research aims to improve health and quality of life, the ethical implications of these technologies remain significant. The potential for "designer babies" and the manipulation of human genes raises concerns about the commodification of human life and the reemergence of eugenic ideologies.



Biblical Principles on the Sanctity of Life


The Bible provides a robust framework for understanding the sanctity of human life and the ethical implications of human cloning.


The Image of God in Humanity


Genesis 1:26-27 states, "Then God said, 'Let us make man in our image, after our likeness. And let them have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the heavens and over the livestock and over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.' So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them." This passage underscores the unique status of human beings as bearers of the imago Dei, the image of God. Human life is sacred because it reflects God's image, distinguishing humanity from the rest of creation.


The Value of Each Individual


The biblical view of humanity emphasizes the inherent worth and dignity of each individual. Psalm 139:13-14 declares, "For you formed my inward parts; you knitted me together in my mother's womb. I praise you, for I am fearfully and wonderfully made. Wonderful are your works; my soul knows it very well." This passage highlights God's intimate involvement in the creation of each person, affirming the value and uniqueness of every human life.



Ethical Implications of Human Cloning


Human cloning presents significant ethical challenges that must be evaluated in light of biblical principles.


Redefining Human Identity


Cloning technology seeks to replicate human beings, raising questions about human identity and the nature of personhood. The Bible teaches that each person is a unique creation of God, with an individual soul and identity. Jeremiah 1:5 states, "Before I formed you in the womb I knew you, and before you were born I consecrated you; I appointed you a prophet to the nations." This verse emphasizes God's foreknowledge and purpose for each individual, suggesting that cloning, which creates genetically identical beings, undermines the uniqueness of God's creation.


The Sanctity of Human Life


The process of cloning involves the creation and destruction of embryos, which raises profound ethical concerns. Psalm 139:16 says, "Your eyes saw my unformed substance; in your book were written, every one of them, the days that were formed for me, when as yet there was none of them." This verse affirms the sanctity of life from its earliest stages, indicating that the destruction of embryos is contrary to God's view of life. Moreover, the commodification of human life through cloning reduces individuals to mere biological artifacts, undermining their inherent worth and dignity.



Cloning and Reproductive Ethics


Cloning technology not only affects individual identity but also has broader implications for reproduction and family dynamics.


Undermining the Family Structure


The Bible presents marriage and family as foundational institutions created by God. Genesis 2:24 states, "Therefore a man shall leave his father and his mother and hold fast to his wife, and they shall become one flesh." This passage underscores the sanctity of the marital relationship and the family unit. Cloning, which separates reproduction from the marital relationship, undermines the biblical model of family. It raises questions about parentage, as cloned individuals do not have biological parents in the traditional sense.


Exploitation and Commodification


The potential for cloning to be used for exploitative purposes, such as creating clones for organ harvesting or genetic enhancements, raises significant ethical concerns. The Bible teaches that human beings are not to be exploited or commodified. 1 Corinthians 6:19-20 reminds us, "Or do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit within you, whom you have from God? You are not your own, for you were bought with a price. So glorify God in your body." This passage emphasizes the sanctity of the human body and the need to honor God with our physical being.



Addressing Social and Economic Inequities


The advancements in genetic engineering and cloning technologies also have social and economic implications that must be considered.


Access and Equity


The availability of cloning and genetic technologies is likely to be limited to those with significant financial resources, exacerbating existing social and economic inequities. James 2:1-4 warns against showing favoritism based on wealth: "My brothers, show no partiality as you hold the faith in our Lord Jesus Christ, the Lord of glory. For if a man wearing a gold ring and fine clothing comes into your assembly, and a poor man in shabby clothing also comes in, and if you pay attention to the one who wears the fine clothing and say, 'You sit here in a good place,' while you say to the poor man, 'You stand over there,' or, 'Sit down at my feet,' have you not then made distinctions among yourselves and become judges with evil thoughts?" This passage calls for justice and equity, challenging the notion that advanced genetic technologies should be reserved for the wealthy.


The Risk of Consumer Eugenics


The commercialization of genetic technologies raises the risk of "consumer eugenics," where parents may be pressured to select genetically approved children. This scenario echoes the eugenics movement of the past and raises concerns about societal pressures to conform to certain genetic standards. The Bible teaches that every human being is valuable and worthy of dignity, regardless of their genetic traits. Galatians 3:28 affirms, "There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is no male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus." This verse emphasizes the equality and unity of all believers in Christ, regardless of their genetic makeup.



The Role of Christians in Addressing Cloning


Christians have a responsibility to engage thoughtfully and ethically with the issue of human cloning, guided by biblical principles.


Upholding the Sanctity of Life


Christians are called to uphold the sanctity of life in all circumstances. This involves advocating for the protection of embryos and opposing practices that commodify or exploit human life. Proverbs 31:8-9 instructs, "Open your mouth for the mute, for the rights of all who are destitute. Open your mouth, judge righteously, defend the rights of the poor and needy." This passage encourages believers to speak out for those who cannot speak for themselves and to defend the vulnerable.


Promoting Ethical Scientific Research


While opposing unethical practices, Christians can also promote ethical scientific research that respects the sanctity of life and aligns with biblical principles. Psalm 139:14 says, "I praise you, for I am fearfully and wonderfully made. Wonderful are your works; my soul knows it very well." This verse celebrates the wonder of God's creation, encouraging believers to support scientific endeavors that honor God's design and contribute to human flourishing.


Educating and Engaging the Community


Christians have a role in educating and engaging their communities on the ethical implications of cloning and genetic engineering. This involves raising awareness about the potential risks and challenges, as well as advocating for policies that protect human dignity. 1 Peter 3:15 exhorts, "But in your hearts honor Christ the Lord as holy, always being prepared to make a defense to anyone who asks you for a reason for the hope that is in you; yet do it with gentleness and respect." This verse encourages believers to be prepared to articulate their ethical stance and to engage in respectful dialogue with others.



The Biblical Vision of a Perfect Society


While the quest for a perfect society through human cloning and genetic engineering may seem appealing, the Bible presents a different vision of perfection.


God's Plan for Restoration


The Bible teaches that the brokenness and imperfection of the world result from sin. Romans 5:12 explains, "Therefore, just as sin came into the world through one man, and death through sin, and so death spread to all men because all sinned." However, God has a plan for restoring creation through Jesus Christ. Revelation 21:4-5 promises, "He will wipe away every tear from their eyes, and death shall be no more, neither shall there be mourning, nor crying, nor pain anymore, for the former things have passed away. And he who was seated on the throne said, 'Behold, I am making all things new.'" This vision of a restored creation reflects God's ultimate plan for a perfect society.


Trusting in God's Sovereignty


In pursuing scientific advancements, Christians are reminded to trust in God's sovereignty and wisdom. Proverbs 3:5-6 instructs, "Trust in Jehovah with all your heart, and do not lean on your own understanding. In all your ways acknowledge him, and he will make straight your paths." This passage encourages believers to rely on God's guidance and to seek His will in all aspects of life, including scientific and technological pursuits.


Conclusion


The ethical, moral, and theological implications of human cloning are complex and multifaceted. While the Bible does not explicitly address cloning, it provides foundational principles that guide Christians in navigating these issues. By upholding the sanctity of life, promoting ethical scientific research, and trusting in God's sovereignty, believers can engage thoughtfully and faithfully with the challenges posed by cloning and genetic engineering. As we seek to honor God and uphold His design for humanity, we are reminded of the promise of a restored creation, where perfection and wholeness will be fully realized in God's timing.


About the Author

EDWARD D. ANDREWS (AS in Criminal Justice, BS in Religion, MA in Biblical Studies, and MDiv in Theology) is CEO and President of Christian Publishing House. He has authored over 220+ books. In addition, Andrews is the Chief Translator of the Updated American Standard Version (UASV).


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